Gender-responsive budgeting (GRB) and climate budgeting have gained traction across Africa over the past decade, supported by global commitments, regional frameworks, donor finance, civil-society advocacy and constitutional gender-equality commitments, alongside domestic pressures and acute climate vulnerability. The 2025 CABRI Budget Practices and Procedures (BPP) Survey of 18 African countries is the first BPP round to include gender and climate modules, which examine how gender equality, climate and environmental objectives are integrated into budget policies,
processes and reporting, including whether institutional mechanisms, tools, classifications and reporting practices are in place to support effective implementation within fiscal management.