This dialogue focused on instruments that can assist policy officials in making the difficult decisions: how to decide which intervention will deliver more bang for buck, as well as determining whether funds are being spent efficiently and effectively. Some of these instruments included public expenditure reviews, public expenditure tracking surveys, randomised trials, policy simulation models and M&E systems. The dialogue did not deliver technical training, but focused on equipping policy officials with some intuitive understanding of the various instruments available, so that they can make decisions on incorporating them in their work.